List of Muslim scientists
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This is a list of Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization.
Contents
[hide]- 1Astronomers and astrophysicists
- 2Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists
- 3Chemists and alchemists
- 4Economists and social scientists
- 5Geographers and earth scientists
- 6Mathematicians
- 7Physicians and surgeons
- 8Physicists and engineers
- 9Political scientists
- 10Other scientists and inventors
- 11References
Astronomers and astrophysicists[edit]
- Ali Qushji (Ali Kuşçu 1403 - 1474)
- Ahmad Khani (1650 - 1707)
- Ibrahim al-Fazari (d. 777 CE)
- Muhammad al-Fazari (died 796 or 806)
- Al-Khwarizmi, Mathematician (c. 780 – c. 850)
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar) (787 - 886 CE)
- Al-Farghani (mid-9th century)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben ..Mousa) (9th century)
- Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī (828-896)
- Al-Majriti (d. 1008 or 1007 CE)
- Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (c. 858 – 929) (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (c. 872 – c. 950), (Abunaser)
- Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (903 - 986)
- Abu Sa'id Gorgani (9th century)
- Kushyar ibn Labban (971 - 1029)
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900 - 971)
- Al-Mahani (9th century)
- Al-Marwazi (9th century)
- Al-Nayrizi (865 - 922)
- Al-Saghani (d. 990)
- Al-Farghani (9th century)
- Abu Nasr Mansur (970 - 1036)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (10th century) (Kuhi)
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi (940 - 1000)
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī (940 - 998)
- Ibn Yunus (950 - 1009)
- Ibn al-Haytham (965 - 140) (Alhacen)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973 - 1048)
- Avicenna (980 - 1037) (Ibn Sīnā)
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (1029-1087) (Arzachel)
- Omar Khayyám (1048 - 1131)
- Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
- Ibn Bajjah (1095 - 1138) (Avempace)
- Ibn Tufail (1105 - 1185) (Abubacer)
- Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (12th century - 1204) (Alpetragius)
- Averroes (1126 - 1198)
- Al-Jazari (1136 - 1206)
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī (died 1213/4)
- Anvari (1126-1189)
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi (died 1566)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201 - 1274)
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236 - 1311)
- Ibn al-Shatir (1304 - 1375)
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (1250 - 1310)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī (1380 - 1429)
- Ulugh Beg (1394 - 1449), also a mathematician
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526 - 1585), Ottoman astronomer
- Ahmad Nahavandi (8th and 9th centuries)
- Haly Abenragel (10th and 11th century)
- Abolfadl Harawi (10th century)
- Alisahac, Ottoman astronomer
Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists[edit]
Further information: Islamic psychological thought
- Aziz Sancar,Turkish biochemist,the first Muslim biologist awarded the Nobel Prize
- Ibn Sirin (654–728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation[1]
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy[2]
- Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology[3]
- Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health,[4] medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy,psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine[5]
- Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies[6]
- Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas), pioneer of neuroanatomy, neurobiology and neurophysiology[6]
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[7]
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception[8]
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, pioneer of reaction time[9]
- Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of neuropsychiatry,[10] thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness[11]
- Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology[7]
- Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease[7]
- Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture[12]
- Mohammad Samir Hossain, a theorist,[13] author and one of the few Muslim scientists[14] in the field of Death anxiety (psychology) research.[13][15]
Chemists and alchemists[edit]
Further information: Alchemy (Islam)
- Khalid ibn Yazid (died 704) (Calid)
- Jafar al-Sadiq (702 - 765)
- Jābir ibn Hayyān (721 - 815) (Geber), father of chemistry[16][17][18]
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (810 - 887) (Armen Firman)
- Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus)
- Al-Majriti (fl. 1008 - 1007)
- Ibn Miskawayh (932 - 1030)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973 - 1048)
- Avicenna (980 - 1037)
- Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201 - 1274)
- Ibn Khaldun (1332 - 1406)
- Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (1897 - 1994)
- Al-Khwārizmī (780 - 850), Algebra, (Mathematics)
- Ahmed H. Zewail (1946 - ), Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1999[19]
- Mostafa El-Sayed (1933 - )
- Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936 - ), Nuclear Scientist - Uranium Enrichment Technologist - Centrifuge Method Expert
- Atta ur Rahman, leading scholar in the field of Natural Product Chemistry
- Omar M. Yaghi (1965 - ) Professor at the University of California, Berkeley
Economists and social scientists[edit]
Further information: Islamic economics in the world
See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam
- Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699-767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Abu Yusuf (731-798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Al-Saghani (d. 990), one of the earliest historians of science[20]
- Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048), considered the "first anthropologist"[21] and father of Indology[22]
- Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist
- Ibn Miskawayh (b. 1030), economist
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist
- Al-Mawardi (1075–1158), economist
- Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist
- Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), sociologist
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), economist
- Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), forerunner of social sciences[23] such as demography,[24] cultural history,[25]historiography,[26] philosophy of history,[27] sociology[24][27] and economics[28][29]
- Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), economist
- Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani social scientist; pioneer of microcredit
- Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Prize winner Bangladeshi economist; pioneer of microfinance
- Shah Abdul Hannan, Pioneer of Islamic Banking in South Asia
- Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistani economist; developer of Human Development Index and founder of Human Development Report[30][31]
Geographers and earth scientists[edit]
Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution
- Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography[32]
- Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science[33]
- Ibn Al-Jazzar
- Al-Tamimi
- Al-Masihi
- Ali ibn Ridwan
- Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
- Ahmad ibn Fadlan
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy,[21][24] considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"[21]
- Avicenna
- Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
- Averroes
- Ibn al-Nafis
- Ibn Jubayr
- Ibn Battuta
- Ibn Khaldun
- Piri Reis
- Evliya Çelebi
Mathematicians[edit]
- Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies
- Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda 1926 Tokyo - 2003 Ankara
- Cahit Arf 1910 Selanik (Thessaloniki) - 1997 Istanbul, Turkey
- Ali Qushji Ali KUŞÇU
- Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar
- Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
- Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Algorismi) - father of algebra[34] and algorithms[35]
- 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk
- Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī (1412–1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra[36]
- Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam
- Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
- Al-Khwarizmi
- Al-Mahani
- Ahmed ibn Yusuf
- Al-Majriti
- Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
- Al-Khalili
- Al-Nayrizi
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
- Brethren of Purity
- Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
- Al-Saghani
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
- Ibn Sahl
- Al-Sijzi
- Ibn Yunus
- Abu Nasr Mansur
- Kushyar ibn Labban
- Al-Karaji
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
- Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
- Al-Nasawi
- Al-Jayyani
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)
- Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
- Omar Khayyám
- Al-Khazini
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
- Al-Marrakushi
- Al-Samawal
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
- Ibn Seena (Avicenna)
- Hunayn ibn Ishaq
- Ibn al-Banna'
- Ibn al-Shatir
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
- Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
- Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher
- Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
- Ulugh Beg
- Cumrun Vafa
Physicians and surgeons[edit]
Main article: Muslim doctors
Physicists and engineers[edit]
Further information: Islamic physics
- Mimar Sinan, (1489/1588 Also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ)
- Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
- Al-Saghani, (d. 990)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century
- Ibn Sahl, 10th century
- Ibn Yunus, 10th century
- Al-Karaji, 10th century
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics,[37] and experimental physics,[38] considered the "first scientist"[39]
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics[40]
- Ibn Sīnā/Seena (Avicenna), 11th century
- Al-Khazini, 12th century
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
- Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century
- Ibn Rushd/Rooshd (Averroes), 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
- Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer, father of robotics,[18]
- Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century
- Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, 16th century
- Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, 17th century
- Lagari Hasan Çelebi, 17th century
- Sake Dean Mahomet, 18th century
- Abdus Salam, 20th century Pakistani physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in 1979
- Fazlur Khan, 20th century Bangladeshi mechanician
- Mahmoud Hessaby, 20th century Iranian physicist
- Ali Javan, 20th century Iranian physicist
- Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 20th century Indonesian aerospace engineer and president
- Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer and nuclear scientist
- Mehran Kardar, Iranian theoretical physicist
- Munir Nayfeh Palestinian-American particle physicist
- Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani metallurgist and nuclear scientist
- Riazuddin, Pakistani theoretical physicist
- Samar Mubarakmand, Pakistani nuclear scientist known for his research in gamma spectroscopy and experimental development of the linear accelerator
- Shahid Hussain Bokhari, Pakistani researcher in the field of parallel and distributed computing
- Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood, Pakistani nuclear engineer and nuclear physicist
- Ali Musharafa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Munir Ahmad Khan, Father of Pakistan's nuclear program
- Kerim Kerimov, a founder of Soviet space program, a lead architect behind first human spaceflight (Vostok 1), and the lead architect of the first space stations (Salyut and Mir)[41][42]
- Farouk El-Baz, a NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program[43]
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